I've barley been playing this game and I have no idea how to get cursed pokemon (and all the others)

You can get colored pokemon through promos, buying, and trading. The promo today is a cursedmudkip for 495 coins.

Map (in other words, normal Pokemon, like Sandshrew, Houndour, Hitmonlee, etc): Maps, which are located at the right of your screen, the same ones that say Forest, Ice Cave, Ghost Town, and so on. You can also get these from random swap, or your clan's specific swap. You can also get them from other players, under the Auction House, or under Buy Pokemon. You might get one from the Lucky Dip as well. Sometimes, you can get them as promos, but not very often.
Shiny: You can get these from promos, the Auction House, and other players. You also might be lucky to get one from the maps, but it's very rare. Sometimes you may also get one from the Lucky Dip, but again, it's not likely. The last place you can get them is from Random Swap. But there's only a 20% chance of the Pokemon you get being shiny.
Ancient: You can get these from crafting, however you need a level 100 crafting level and all the pieces before you can do that. They can also be found in the Auction House. You can also get them from other players.
Cursed: Promos, Auction House, Events, other players.
Luminous: Promos, Auction House, Events, other players.
Shadow: Promos, Auction House, Events, other players.
Golden: Promos, events, Auction House, other players.
Rainbow: Promos, events, Auction House, other players.